What is BIOS? A Simple Technical Overview

Every time before our computer “wakes up” and starts to work, the BIOS is the most crucial part that ensures the functionality of the computer. It’s running quietly in the background, but occasionally you may get informed about its incoming update. At this moment, it’s natural to wonder: What exactly is BIOS, and why does it matter?

If you're an advanced PC user, you're likely familiar with BIOS. However, many beginners first encounter it through recent games requiring Secure Boot (e.g., Battlefield 6), as these mandate BIOS configuration. This article will explain BIOS concepts in plain language.

What Is BIOS?

BIOS, also known as Basic Input/Output System, is a type of firmware preinstalled on the system board. And its very first job is to instruct and configure hardware during the startup.

The core responsibilities of BIOS include:

POST (Power-On Self-Test)

POST is a series of initial diagnostic tests run automatically to check for any hardware-related issues after the computer starts up. It checks if key components like the CPU and RAM are working properly.

Only after POST completes successfully will the computer proceed with booting. If POST detects an issue, the system will deliver an error message.

Boot management

After POST, the BIOS's next task is to initiate the bootstrapping process, which means the boot loader searches for the operating system in a standard storage location and transfers control to it, enabling the computer to start up fully.

Simply put, without BIOS boot management, the computer wouldn't know where to load the operating system from. In this situation, it’s impossible to boot into the operating system, whether you are using Windows, Linux, or macOS.

BIOS drivers

These are the key software components within the BIOS that communicate with computer hardware. For example, keyboards, mice, monitors, etc. The BIOS ensures the operating system can recognize and operate the computer hardware.

> Think of BIOS like your computer’s ‘wake-up coach.’ When you press the power button, BIOS is the first thing that snaps into action—checking your hardware (CPU, RAM, etc.) like a coach inspecting athletes before a game. Then it hands off control to Windows or your OS, just like a coach passing the ball to the team.

What Is the Effect of Updating the BIOS?

Upgrading the BIOS is not something most users frequently do. The update has its pros and cons. BIOS updates offer the following benefits:

• Enhanced hardware compatibility and performance: Newer BIOS versions typically add support for the latest CPUs, memory modules, or storage devices, ensuring the motherboard can recognize and utilize new components.
• System stability and vulnerability fixes: Updates often resolve firmware flaws, address random crashes, hardware detection errors, or freezes by patching security vulnerabilities.
• Functionality enhancements: In some cases, BIOS updates optimize power management or boost hardware communication efficiency. There are functional improvements.

Of course, BIOS updates should only be performed when necessary. Because the BIOS operates at the system's core level, failed updates can lead to severe consequences, including the computer becoming unbootable. Therefore, proceed with extreme caution and always use updated files obtained through official channels provided by the motherboard manufacturer.

How to Safely Update BIOS?

BIOS updates are often referred to as “flashing”. Manufacturers release BIOS firmware updates to fix vulnerabilities, enhance compatibility with new hardware, or introduce new features. Users can download these updates from the manufacturer's official website and flash them using specialized tools.

Some modern motherboards feature dual BIOS chips as a safety measure. If one BIOS becomes corrupted during an update, the system can automatically switch to the second, functional BIOS.
General Process for Updating BIOS:

1. Confirm Motherboard Model: Identify the version information of the system board of your computer. You can press the Windows key and type “system information” to find it.
2. Download the Correct Update File: Search for the BIOS update file from the manufacturer's official website. Download it and any provided release notes or instruction file.
3. Ensure System Stability: A stable power supply is critical. Power interruptions may cause firmware corruption, rendering the system unbootable.
4. Enter the BIOS Setup: Restart your computer and press the designated key (normally Del, F2, F10, or Esc) repeatedly during boot-up to enter the BIOS setup screen.
5. Run the Update Operation: Find and select the BIOS update utility in the BIOS menu, which may be called "M-FLASH," "EZ Flash," or "Instant Flash". Select the USB drive and choose the BIOS update file.

Can Anyone Make Changes to the BIOS?

Although updating the BIOS is a task anyone can perform, improper modifications may cause serious errors (such as system crashes, blue screens, etc.). Because the BIOS operates at the system's core level. Users lacking sufficient technical knowledge are advised to proceed with caution or seek professional assistance.

How Does BIOS Relate to the Motherboard?

The BIOS is permanently bound to the motherboard because it is stored in a memory chip soldered to the motherboard. Key points include:

• Each motherboard is equipped with a matched BIOS version.
• Replacing the motherboard necessitates replacing the BIOS simultaneously, as the firmware is embedded within the motherboard itself.
• This tightly integrated relationship explains why BIOS compatibility with the motherboard is a core element in system design and maintenance.

Common FAQs about BIOS

Q1: Should I update my BIOS regularly?

No. Unlike software or drivers, BIOS doesn’t require frequent updates. You should only update it if hardware compatibility issues occur.

Q2: Is it possible to downgrade the BIOS?

Yes, but it’s not always suggested. Some manufacturers allow downgrading to an older version. However, this process carries risks. Users should also do it under professional guidance.

Related Reading: What Is Secure Boot?

Conclusion

The BIOS may not be seen while running the computer, but it plays a significant role in instructing your hardware and operating system. In this post, we explained what BIOS is, its main functions, the pros and cons of adjusting it, and whether anyone can update it. If you want to upgrade or modify your BIOS, we strongly recommend that you do it under the guidance of a professional, as improper handling may cause irreparable damage.